Lt. General Satish Nambiar

Lt. Gen Satish Nambiar

Lt. Gen K P Candeth

Our part of India has provided India with a distinguished and thinking soldier in General  Satish Nambiar and it makes me happy that some one of our stock through perseverance has waded and peirced through uncertain situations to become an active Lieutenant General and retired after serving as the head of United Nations Multi national combat force in Yugoslavia and alsoas Deputy Chief of Army staff. I would have been happier if he had become the Chief of Staff of the Indian Army. Later he served as the Director for twelve years of the United Armed Services institute in Delhi.....I hope I have got the name of this institute right.

There was another Lt. General in the Indian Army K P Candeth who liberated GOA from the Portuguese control who I understand has his roots in our part of the world. He was also the first Lt. Governor of Goa.

The following is a video link showing Candeth;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FnqB6jZYag

Chenicheri is the name of the house of Lt. General Nambiar and a house often fondly spoken about of by my mother. Hats -off to Cherukunnu and Chenicheri...We want a Chief of Staff badly from this place.

THE BANGALORE CANTONMENT

Having seen Bangalore city from a very young age and also many other cities thereafter every other day as a keen observant find something special . Bangalore is a blessed city in many ways and has the potential to become a very very key city at a rapid pace in the world arena.

I see a particular part of Bangalore and find it quite different if not special from the many other parts,the large area of land around the Ulsoor lake. The view of this lake cannot but help me make various presumptions and according to me the heart of Bangalore city is this lake. Adjacent to the Ulsoor lake is a rock and a temple which I have not visited but appears to me very historically significant. Kempe Gowda must have been drawn to this rock and set up some kind of a tower there and when upon this rock a breath taking view of the surroundings were possible. The lake and the rock combined must have been some sort of an abode for various communities since time immemorial. There is a similar rock inside lalbagh and i have seen one more at hebbal. These rocks are sacrosanct and possibly provided refuge from enemies and acted as a watch tower to identify invaders.Bangalore city needs to reinvent its roots and in these structures ly embedded the past in various forms.

When the British take control of India I think the MEG or what is called the Madras Engineering Group find the ulsoor lake ideal for providing aquatic training of various kinds to its recruits as such military training begins to become more and more relevant for the british troops and there could be no other place than the Ulsoor lake. Ulsoor must have been the anglicised version of Halasuru and Halasu must be some vegetable or fruit in the colloquial. Note that troops of various kinds were probably routed to this point for training there by ceating military outfits and residenes and laying for ever the foundation for the "Bangalore Cantonement"..how logical , crucial and eternal. What must have looked worse than a hamlet becomes a key breeding ground for various activities of a world class nature and the modern day M G Road owes its existence to these events. One can see the Bangalore Cantonment railway station very close to the ulsoor lake as with time supplies to the MEG centre were becoming increasingly larger necessitating the use of railway and as more and more of the english making settlements around this area there began the need for another railway station the "Bangalore East" not far away. Thus this lake and its hillock proved a central attraction for english settlers and their activities from whence grew this city of Bangalore - how resplendant. As a child growing not more than ten kilometers from this point never knew to myself or appreciated the fact that I was reared and lived in the vicinity of history which was a judicious combination of the western and the local... I realise it very much now and how different and suave a place I spent childhood for largely good in many ways and may be bad in very miniscule ways.

An area of a radius of around 15 kilometers around the ulsoor lake is the Bangalore Cantonment which had military parade grounds; residences for trainee military men; residences of British serving officers;churches; railway and road systems; recreation centers ; cricket grounds; auditoriums; public offices not to mention schools and the British brought them all converting to the exclusion of its immediate environment a formidable patch of land which could be called little-england into which only a secluded few could make entry and to the best of my knowledge there is no other place in India which could have had a large scale and concentrated British influence as this stretch and every english- man of these times enjoyed his tryst with this belt as we did many decades later as children mutely appreciating the aura of some kind around us.

The Richmond Road, The Residency Road; South Parade;Cavalry road and the Infantry road formed key roads of the official part part of the Cantonement and note the military linguistics that formed part of the names of these roads. There were many inter connecting roads of a criss-cross kind like the Brigade road and the Lavelle road. The Infantry road probably housed the offices of the Infantry who were possibly trained and paraded near by and so was the cavalry which means mounted soldiers and note that all these key roads are almost parallel to each other. During the world wars there was need for an airport and hence the old airport some where close by sums up this part of the city in those times. All these roads were on the left side of the lake and to the right side of the lake and yonder came various residences and the Coles Park which we call Bangalore East today.

THis is Bangalore Cantonement of the past and any one who comes to Bangalore of today must identify and associate oneself with this distinct past and this patch or stretch or periphery or domain or whatsover one may wish to attribute to it is an un-erasable stamp of the British on the lives of a common Bangalorean or a common Indian of today ; everything commencing from a hillock and a lake nearby called the Ulsoor Lake.

THE GREENS THEOREM

When I was a student at a technical school I had real problem with this theorem and thought to myself why not try to simply this theorem to any present day student who would be having difficulty at understanding this theorem.

I have seen many people who forcibly digest these theorems with no understanding what so ever of what they are doing. Mathematics and its many variants have been confused profusely by humanity in some form or another so much so that many practitioners fail to assimilate or atleast ponder to give many things a thought.

They say Greens theorem is another version of the stokes theorem about which I have no idea but will dwell upon it some time in the future.

At the center of the greens theorem is the cartesian co-ordinates which can be treated both as a vector or scalar co-ordinate. Note that scalars do not have direction as against thevectors. When some one uses the cartesian co=ordinates in a polar form it becomes vector co-ordinates and is defined by r and theta..r signofying the magnitude and theta signifying the direction. Whenever we define and treat the cartesian co-ordinates by x and y they are scalar co-ordinates. Hence we have both scalar and vector algebra arising from the cartesian plane.

What are the basic components of the Greens Theorem;

1. A closed curve chosen to be traversed in the counter clockwise direction also called positive direction.

2. Another function defined by X and Y components called F which is integrated upon the above curve which can be smooth or piece-wise smooth.( A circle is smooth whereas a triangle is piece wise smooth).

3. Greens theorem like many simple theorems says that the line integral over the curve is equal to a partial double integral over the plane.

The theorem goes something like this;

Closed Intregral of f.dx + g.dy along the curve mentioned

equals

Double Integral of the function resulting from the subtraction of PD of g with respect to x and PD of f with respect to y.

(the above will be mathematically described by any text)

PD means partial derivative

f is the x component of the plane F which will be a function in x and y

g is the y component of the plane F which will be a function of x and y

Example : Let F be defined as ( -y x) and let the curve in question be a circle x^2 + y^2 = 4 which would be a circle centered at the origin with radius 2.

Note that at the end of the day "What does Green's theorem do ?" that is very simple. A line integral of a function over a closed loop is calculated easily using a partial differential equivalent.

In the above problem suggested f is -y and g is x and please compute the partial integrals and you get 8 phi which is twice the area of the circle.

IF YOU ARE A STUDENT OF MATHEMATICS YOU MIGHT HAVE TO GO MORE INTO THE DETAIL OF THIS THEOREM. IF YOU ARE A STUDENT OF ENGINEERING GET THE ABOVE IDEA WHICH I HAVE GIVEN AND ALSO LEARN THE MATHEMATICAL PROOF AND SOLVE SOME SIMPLE PROBLEMS. THIS AREA IS SOMETIMES CALLED COMPLEX ALGEBRA NOT TO BE CONFUSED AND FRIGHTENED ABOUT..THIS IS JUST AN ALGEBRA OF TWO FUNCTIONS ON THE CARTESIAN PLANE.

GOOD LUCK

Dr. O T George at NIT Calicut

At NIT Calicut during our time there was a professor who used to teach Mathematics. His name is O T George. He did some help to me which I cannot forget.

The subject Mathematics IV in the fourth semester was a very problematic one for me. For some reason this subject gave me trouble. It had Greens theorem in it and for some reason it took some time to get a hang of it. Recently I was going through Greens theorem all over again. So I decided to take some help from this great person who always had a smiling nature and was the warden of the B hostel when I enrolled at the hostel.

He did help me very willingly for about a fortnight and would sometimes inquire about my well being in the canteen. I used to visit his house almost every day during this period and one night there was no power and he taught me in candle light. Actually my room mate M M Shajan was instrumental in introducing me to Dr. O T George.

I always wanted to meet him after I graduated but could not for some reason and through this write-up let me thank him for his help and succor and his concern for me in surmounting the most difficult of hurdles at NIT Cali cut.

HENRY FORD AND THE FORD MOTOR COMPANY

Henry Ford may be a man worth remembering somewhere and humanity owes a lot to his intellect and philosophies and he was a pioneer with deep convictions which would have been opposed by many but at the end stood the test of time. What makes Ford special...to me is his rebellious nature and his inventive spirit which stood in good stead to reform the world.

Note that Ford was ahead of his times and not a very formally schooled man in the strict sense of the term and being largely acquainted with a farming family an activity he loathed to the chagrin of his father points instantly to an unhealthy relationship between father and son. Farming during those times in the USA was probably treated as the only known or a safe mode of making a living and the young Ford being indifferent to it must have been a unsolacing feel for his father who must have been largely concerned about the future of his recalcitrant son.

This is at a place called Dearborn which was probably a farming village about 15 miles from the city of Detroit. What could the place have been like. It possibly had a church and some kind of a village school and few bars and inns where people socialized but must have been sparsely populated and insecure and people moved around the place in horseback's or on horse drawn carts and life must have been very difficult and there must have been quarrels between people on some count and sometimes taking a vociferous overture and Ford saw it all as a child and somewhere probably understood the limitations of an economy largely driven by agriculture. Ford had a contemporary in John Davison Rockefeller who ran the Standard Oil Company and there is int much evidence to point any warm and long standing relationship or friendship of some kind between these two people for reasons unknown possibly because each had a strong and rigid value system which could have taken a collision course.

The young Ford seems to have walked or taken a ride in parts in a horse cart all the way from his farm possibly as the rift with his father became unbearable and his colossal inability and aversion for the farm its activities and its economics. His mother possibly gave him money(when alive) to sustain himself in Detroit but the city and its business interested him and the various machine shops and their occupations were an attraction to the young Ford so much so that he saw the future of humanity in them. I believe Ford had some kind of ability at conceiving an end result and then enjoining people with various skills into achieving the end result a skill of coordination which he carried in abundance.

Ford lost his mother when he was young a feature he shares with Lincoln and it could have further fueled his desire to leave the farm and go to Detroit. Detroit was a happening place for Ford and he liked it much more than the farm, the sound of machinery from the various work shops and the general dynamism of the city synchronized well with the verve and aspirations of the young Ford. I presume he must have been twenty years of age when he fully accustomed himself to the city possibly doing various kinds of jobs largely of the machining kind thereby unconsciously garnering very valuable experience. Ford was chief engineer of an illumination company for some time during this crucial period of his life and I don't know what this means and what his job was like but I can very well presume he did not find himself in this vocation and a desire do something mammoth was too strongly intertwined in his persona and a large scale desire to involve himself in something more lasting and challenging. Ford being born in the year 1864 and the duration of a crucial kind according to me where Ford transformed himself from a farm lad to an experienced and suave city-man must be between 1884 to 1900 a full period of around 16 years ---a period long enough to transformation in any one.

I see another interesting coincidence in another contemporary of Henry Ford a man called John Davison Rockefeller who pioneered refining of petroleum crude to create kerosene and other hydro carbon products which ultimately provided the gasoline with which the cars made by Ford would run. This is a coincidence which helped in the creation of gasoline fueled cars and a new dimension in technology. There is not much indication any where to show any kind of long standing friendship or relationship between these two individuals who were similar ind dissimilar with each other in many ways. Rockefeller was more of a business thinker and Ford was more of a social thinker and this fundamental conflict of ethos must have prevented any long standing companionship between these two individuals. Rockefeller seems to have German roots and Ford Irish. Nevertheless the activities of both these individuals created a composite cumulative impact and moved the world and its events into a particular alley and into a definitive rhythm. Moreover Rockefeller was older than Ford.

Ford made the quadricycle which has become the modern day car. Basically his idea must have been to take two cycles and weld them together with a base and an engine propelling the back wheel with some control systems for braking and speed. This meant the structure was more stable than a cycle and could seat a couple of people and Ford must have rode this vehicle on the streets of Detroit to the amusement of many. He probably took the vehicle over long distances and made corrections on the vehicle of various kinds like may be fitting a shock absorber. The vehicle amused many. Similar vehicles were built by the Germans too but for some reasons nothing much is heard of their forays into this field. There was a man called Carl Benz in Germany whose legacy is carried by Benz cars today. Ford was fortunate to be in America and in a city where many things were handy and the quadricycle that he built would in due course propel him into a domain so elevated that he would redefine business for posterity. There was a market for the car; there was manpower that could make it and there were many resources that instantly came from the vicinity and above all he had a great sense of ingenuity to look beyond every day hurdles and obstacles a possible trait that differentiates him instantly from the many other people in the world who were on a similar trail. Unlike Europe of that era which was less united, America presented itself as one single block that spoke the same language and people in the villages saw this car as an instant contrivance to travel from their habitats to towns for various purposes an activity which Ford himself must have endured as a young man and he knew too precisely where his quadricyle or later the Ford model T would be precisely employed.

The period between 1900 and 1908 is crucial as this period possibly gave birth to the model T car which would ultimately sell more than 15 million. 15 million is a staggering amount even by modern standards. Many people would come searching for Ford in Detroit and were willing to buy his car and so came many investors who were willing to invest capital in some form. What would have began as a demand for 10 cars a month slowly became 100 and then 1000 and then 10000 and Ford was increasingly looking for methods to develop new production methodologies and apparently the mass production methodologies used in the abattoirs of the day seemed to have inspired Ford into division of labor and even possibly hired people who had experience in such outfits where animals were culled to mass produce food.

These events were a crucible in many form where far reaching changes would get dictated and I believe the emergence of America as a super power has largely to do with its quick metamorphosis from an agrarian economy to an industrial economy largely working on hither-to unknown principles and the combination of the mind of one man and circumstances would redefine the world into creating large scale economic advantage and the Ford Motor Company was at the center of it all . What are the far reaching changes; Firstly the industrial sector got the credibility of a reliable and consistent employer of multitudes who worked in unison to create economic miracles, secondly Ford saw the benefits of Economy of scale possibly for the first time possibly never seen before and called Fordism; The car as a product brought America closer there-by creaing a physical and psychological unification of masses and finally the day to day production problems and quality problems faced would pave the way for many sister technologies and methodologies to advance at a rapid pace. As a result of such forces Ford was able to pay his workers 06 dollars a day an amount considerable even today in many parts of the world.

Have I seen a Ford model-T ? - the answer is YES in the back yard of a Victorian style bungalow on Brunton road in Bangalore. This means Ford model T had found its way into India possibly owned by British officers of that time which they abandoned in a hurry during their exit from this country.

Let me put in a nut shell Henry Ford and his contributions to making the world a more safer economic haven;

• By playing with the Quadricycle and later transforming it into the model T Ford lays the basic foundations for the auto industry which over the century would become some kind of a driver of world economy.
• Ford demonstrated the viability of a semi-professional industrial society where people in large numbers would converge in search of employment.
• The activities of Ford saw a strategic shift in economic patterns with the Industrial economy becoming a pull factor to the agricultural economy redistributing patterns of consumption of agricultural produce.
• Ford proved Fordism through economies of scale a previously unknown commercial phenomenon.
• Activities of Ford spurred the need for managerial thought and awakening relating to various aspects of operations and manufacturing.
• Ford ran the most difficult of supply-chains of the world starting from iron ore to the final dealer of his produce.
• For the first time in the world competitive manufacturing began to emerge with the growth of General Motors.
• Unionism becomes a reality in the industrial world due to apparent problems in the way a large work force is handled and managed.
• The need to study markets and market research becomes a reality.
• Finally the automobile would catalyze crude refining the world over and the automobile emissions would create the negative effect of global warming.

SHREYA MY NEICE

THE VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE

I am more of a person of conjecture than one of facts.... and co-relating various aspects of history is a matter of conjecture. The Vijayanagar empire and its influence and possibilities over the Deccan is far-reaching and amazing. Robert Sewell has written a book on the Vijayanagar empire about which I had some review and found it to be a largely descriptive about the chronology of the events that happened during the era and does not cover much about the large scale ingredients of the society of these times...or may be it does and was not to my observation.007.

In my opinion this empire must have had a very large scale influence on the sociology-polity of southern India and is largely under estimated and lye's camouflaged by more recent happening and advancements. I believe historical research is converting available data into knowledge and the knowledge so created nust be compared with other facts to ascertain the exactness and credibility of the possible conclusions.

What triggered the growth and existence of such a large empire.....I believe there are many.

Firstly the Kakatiya empire in Warangal which was called orungallu in the past largely having its existence from the 1100 ad to the 1300 ad. This being a hindu empire giving rulers in the deccan taste and experience of running a state.

Secondly the threat of foreign invasions southwards partially impeded by the many rivers that take their birth in the western ghats and flow eastwards and the beheading of the king of the kakatiya dynasty by Mohammed bin Thuglaq which send shock-waves over Deccan.

Thirdly the Shringeri math founded by Adi Shankaracharya which formed a central think tank yielding to the consolidation of various south Indian forces

..and finally the demand on a worldwide scale for the for the spices grown in the deccan of that time.

How did the empire come into existence...possibly as a result of frenzy. Hukka and Bukka credited with the formation of the Vijayanagar empire appears to me were in the service of the Kakatiya king at warangal possibly in a military capacity and were witness to the be-heading of their king by northern forces; they possibly take shelter in the Shringeri math and in the process coming into contact with the wit, wisdom and experience of a possibly a large number of seers who possibly averred that defences have to built largely hither to the thungabadra river which would prevent foreign invaders from penetrating into the deccan - a strategy that seemed acceptable to many and the shringeri math taking a pro-active role in mobilizing kshatriya forces over the deccan. It is unlikely that the Nairs of Kerala were not involved in some capacity over time largely taking part in training and strategy of troops. In a hurry a large fort complex was created and thence assembled oll the forces of south-india in large numbers orienting themselves gradually into a formidable force which would not only defend invasions but grow in stature to the point of having large-scale influence over the Deccan.

Let me deviate for a second into what some visitors to the empire during various stages of its growth mention. A traveler of repute has documented " i see various communities of southern India here " and another said "the pupil of the eyes would never see magnificence of this kind " and these statements when understood cumulatively throws light on the composition and composure of the empire which attracted travelers from all over the world. I have a co-relation. Some time during the period of the empire the ottoman turks capture constantinople the modern day Istanbul and prevent the land route for spices thereby forcing the Europeans to explore a sea route. Note that Mohammed-bin-Thuglaq was a turk and the Turks in constantinople blocked the pepper route which must have eventually had a negative impact on the spice trade of the vijayanagar empire and its large scale revenues making the sustenance of the trade increasingly difficult. I believe the large wealth of the empire was from the taxes collected from the sale of spices more so pepper and note that much of pepper was grown in the northern parts and fringes of modern day kerala largely pointing to a largely unmagnified possibility of an intense trade and cultural link between the people of modern day kerala and the empire.

The history of the Deccan would have taken a different shape had it not been for the many rivers that take birth in the western ghats and flow eastwards making it a natural fortress for any invading troops who have to bear the brunt of carrying men and equipment across the rivers creating a logistical anomaly. I believe very precisely that somewhere the Nairs of Kerala were employed by the empire to deliver pin-pointed guerrilla assaults on enemies who attempted to cross the Thunga Badra river. It would take days if not weeks for a three lakh army to be effectively ferried across the Thunga badra and as the invading forces embarked on such a process ferried possibly 6000 of their troops a day which was an instant victim of assault from Nair forces loyal to Vijayanagar largely a battery of 20000 troops dismantling the resources and power of the enemy forces that crossed the river there-by frustrating the enemy into huge losses and deficiencies. That the enemies of Vijayanagar used diplomacy and chicanery later to take advantage of the empire is a possibility but the above mentioned strategy worked effectively for decades if not centuries.

The undoing of the Vijayanagar Empire could be due to infighting and claims and counter claims for power by various generals and royal clans with the Shringeri math largely playing a mediator y role and there could be elements within the empire who so urged its downfall looking at the fibers of the times. That three dynasty held sway on power during various times is a large scale indicator to the very many possible discord and resentment in the undercurrents of the empire --- like in all empires of the past and this situation largely taken advantage of by inimical elements. But amidst all these rumblings came up mighty buildings and structures within the Vijayanagar city itself about which there are no traces today as they were demolished by the advancing enemy who took control of the city and its precincts in 1565. That Vijayanagar architecture did not withstand the test of time is a sorry tale and a largely despicable one and the empire so significant and formidable in its moorings be forgotten as if it never existed at all steals away from the recorded annals of history two centuries or more as if they never existed.

I am told that there there is a palace at a place called chandragiri near to tirupati reminiscent of the Vijayanagar Empire and built in that style and I am yet to have a closer look at it and it is believed that Krishnadevaraya the more successful king of the empire at conquests spent his childhood at this place. May be the govt must take additional steps to improve tourism to this spot.

What did the military of the empire look like.....That the empire succumbed to invasion in 1565 is but a natural consequence. The possible decline in pepper revenues due to the blockade in constantinople and the number of foreign suitors for spices largely dwindling the economic machinery of the empire must have been in jeopardy added to the growth of the moghul empire and dissent of various kinds within the empire and the resulting alignments must have played havoc. The military in its full bloom had around 3,00,000 of advancing soldiers probably divided into foot soldiers , cavalry , elephant brigades and the like with the foot soldiers in the front...again this could be a possibility. The foot soldiers were made into several bands and the head of the foot soldiers were called Nayaks and Nayaks hailed from various communities of south-india from malayali to tamil to konkan to oriya to kannada to teleugu to even people of srilankan origin. The modern day sri lanka was under some form of control of the vijayanagar empire. A new genre of humanity sprout in south india according to me ...in the children of these heterogeneous nayaks who gave their sons and daughters to each other in wed lock and hence the southern india genealogy has been largely influenced by the composition of humanity and their association and interactions at the Vijayanagar empire; what exactly were the kind of relations no one can precisely tell but there existed such associations. Most of these people advance southwards along the eastern ghats in 1565 on being subdued by the aggressors who largely used deceit to behead the the less experienced king Aliya Rama Raya who was possibly the son-in -law of Krishnadevaraya. Power struggle undid the Vijayanagar empire possibly taken advantage and exacerbated by people who were in violation with the empire and possibly many such traitors existed very well within the palace..no one knew or took care.

In the war of 1565 called the battle of tallikota many people assign many reasons for the defeat of Vijayanagar...possibly the aggressors who were now a consortium of various powers had more superior machinery which would have been rebutted but the slaying of the king was the coup-DE-grace. This was possibly achieved unreasonably and with deceit. Aliya Rama Raya is enticed to meet the enemy for a possible truce largely being initiated into such a procedure by traitors well within his fold and the advancing king mistakenly assuming victory was beheaded by elements assigned for the purpose without forewarning or notice and his held high on a long sword the very sight of which disillusioned the Vijayanagar army into buckle for want of leadership. What a tragedy ? Are there lessons for the modern man from this episode...the only lesson is "History can repeat itself"......every single head rolled in Vijayanagar the situation having strayed from any control and the city bled both its blood and its wealth. Thence stayed the marauding forces for six months denigrating very single structure of the empire they could lay hands on and an Empire slips into rubble. So enabled they were with the wealth and pomp of the city they never pursued southwards and later saw any such venture fruitless.Most of the ingredients of the kingdom who were fleet footed made well their escape with many elephants carrying articles of value down southwards along the eastern ghats..they say there were 600 elephants in all. The terrain of the eastern ghats being more friendly and providing fodder and shelter and possible gave vegetation to be dried and used for creating fire for cooking. Many of the people living around these regions today have in them some remnants of the empire which they are so pitifully unaware.

All humanity at the end of the day is a product of some history and un fathoming it brings people closer who previously thought were disparate for they spoke varying tongues and behind all these realities of the present day world lye events and stories and possibilities only when fathomed and analyzed spring a possible thread that runs through many which always existed and only needs to be given due recognition and discernment which would bring homogeneity in the populace more faster for a more organized world.

P O SUBASH

C S S RAO

Many people have asked me why I chose to study Engineering. Some where the fact of the matter is that I always had some passion for Electrical Engineering and Engineering in general and always feel happy at my stint at the Engineering school and the challenges it posed. I only aspire that the strategic posture of an Engineering institute be more refined and wholesome in some form.

But some where there is a man in the background in my case who served as a motivation for me to study at an engineering school. He is C S S Rao who use to be the Managing director of the Indian Telephone Industries at the time I was studying my pre-university course. Every morning as I set out of my house I chanced to see his limousine fly-past the main road with Mr. Rao firmly perched in the rear with an august appearance sometimes reading a news paper. His stern appearance and countenance witnessed by me almost every day left a lasting impression and I said to myself if this is what an engineering graduate could become well I am very much for it.

Mr C S S Rao was one of the better of the MD's of ITI in my opinion and must have been some kind of an expert at manufacturing. I happenned to see his photograph in the billiards parlour of the ITI officers club much later.

WILLIAM FREDRICK EASTERBROOK (W.F.Easterbrook)

William Fredrick Easterbrook was my first Principal at the Lowry Memorial School. This man somewhere is something special to me. As the principal he used to present himself every morning at the gate of the school shaking hands with students who made entry and I happened to do the same as a boy of hardly five years of age with Mr. Easterbrook. An everlasting impression of his lasts in my mind.

I was on a trail for many years If I could in some way get in touch with him just for the sake of possibly reminiscing bygone days and happenned to even contact very many people on this count with no success and on pursuing certain web sites found his name to my disenchantment in the obituary listing of "Pedlar Funeral Home " in Ontario Canada and presumably this honorable man had passed in 2005. I even happened to communicate with Jim Pedlar the owner of the home if he could give me the contact details of the family of Mr. Easterbrook which met with no success.

From the inscriptions in the obituary column I gathered that after his stint in India Mr. Easterbrook had served in Pakistan as an educational administrator. There is definitely a link between me and a possible considerable number of people in Pakistan - Mr. William Fredrick Easterbrook from Ontario Canada.

Below is a link which has aphotograph of Mr. W F Easterbrook

http://docs.adventistarchives.org/docs/CUM/CUM19640129-V33-03__C.pdf?q=docs/CUM/CUM19640129-V33-03__C.pdf

Relationship Spectrum in Outsourcing and their Relations

Outsourcing is going to be the order of the day especially with the growth of modern day Operations. How is the world of today vastly different from the world of yester-years ? Products and services will largely come from operations as against conventional manufacturing and it is in this context that Out-sourcing gains significance.

Somewhere customer is looking for value and the value exists in higher quality with lesser price and Operations are a better option than manufacturing to ensure lesser price.

In my view any activity of outsourcing goes through a relationship spectrum. Having observed and worked with sourcing situations during my tenure with BPL some of my observations will be worthwhile.

One Time Buyer

One time Buyer is a person who just happened or chanced to buy some product without any pre-disposition or planning. This is a crucial event as it dictates if the buyer would continue with his act of repeated purchases.

Ad-Hoc Buyer 

A one time buyer gradually evolves into a ad-hoc buyer where he purchases off and on and on specific demands. The buyer knows the supplier but is yet to make a full time relationship.

Contract Buyer

The relation progresses into its next phase with an increaseds risk taking through contracts. Here the supplier is given specific contracts to act upon with or without legal supervision.

Vendor

Vendor is a term largely accustomed to many. Here the relationship emerges from short term contracts to a longer term of engagement and the relation becoming sturdier with largrscale supply and largely frequent supplies and is a bench-mark in the graduation process and is a mile stone in the graduation process.

Relationship Buyer

In relationship buying the vendor and his principal are largely moved by an impetus to develop and compliment each other and in this form of buying symbols and symptoms of partnership exist. For example a cheme of larger credit or deferred payments or financial partnership.

Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI)

A more advanced form of Partnering where the vendor on a routine basis using 4th party systems manages requirements of a principal by acting on his behalf and making operations proceed without bottle-necks.

Contract Manufacturing

In such a system which can be classified as vendor development the entire plant ,machinery technology and training is provided by the principal and the execution has to be carried out by the vendor.

Job Work

In job work the materials are supplied by the principal and only the routine work is managed and carried out by the vendor and supplies ensured and job-work is largely governed by governmental laws and regulations.

Bifurcated Strategic Sourcing

In such a system large supply contracts are given to not more than two to three vendors ho handle all the supply requirements.

Dedicated Strategic Sourcing

The ultimo in sourcing relations where all the requirements are sourced for a long period of time from only one vendor.

The Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore

The Bannerughatta National Park as many are well acquainted is tucked in the corner of the Bangalore city largely providing a dedicated green belt of flora and a distinguished spot in its own right merging the modern world with the natural. The terrain of the land in this part of the world is hilly and mountainous being a tributary of the mighty western ghats in some form which jet-sets into the corner of this city. Who and how this place got to be developed to its present pretty shape is unknown but could have been some form of a hunting ground and escapade for people of the past.

Environment is a crucial part of human existence and the Indian Forest Act was passed by the British way back in 1926 shows the effort to protect forest lands by governance. Some of the roads in close proximity to each other to the Bannerughatta road is the Kanakapura Road; the Mysore road and the Hosur road most of these roads running in some form is a close ally of the western ghat mountains and its offshoots.

My earlist experience of having visited this park was in 1990 being attatched  to one of BPL plants of that time at Arakere that falls on the road leading to the National park. On being spurted by a sense of curiosity and adventure one afternoon happenned to embark upon a visit to this park that seemed logical considering it was only a few kilometers from my place of occupation and the visit was memorable for various reasons.

On visiting the various animal enclosures on the right side of the park which was vigorating in many ways was informed about a safari ride about which I had no prior information or inclination . Having paid the requisite fee was boarded into a small bus and with uncertainity of what lay ahead happenned to enter into a region which was truly jungly and forlorn and to ascertain such a place existed in bangalore was difficult at that time to imbibe. Before long and after a journey of about five kilometers or so the vehicle was in the midst of a Tiger Safari which barely meant that the vehicle was face to face with more than a dozen full grown tigers giving an involved and menacing look at we the intruders. That was the fist time I had such close an encounter and acquaintance with this beast and it was to last for more than fifteen minutes with some of them walking very close to the vehicle unhappy with some creatures among them who visit them in regular intervals with an act of infringement. Some of the beasts snarled with some form of disagreement. Thereafter we were led to a lion safari which was in many ways opposite to our earlier experience with the lions nonchantful and serene and largely ignored the vehicle of people who drove by. Tus ended my largely overdue visit to this zoo or park or safari or a wild-life abode what even one may choose to attatch to it.

In the mid 1990's and if not few years earlier the people of Bangalore were driven into melancholy and deep distress by an incident not many would recollect right now. A child being snatched from the hands of its grand-father in an instant act of aggrression by a tiger only to be recovered from the wilderness by the forest officials sans life and what a ghastly event with very little precedence or omen.

The grand-father in an remote act of merriment gesticulated the child in front of the tiger in an act of frolick from within the safari bus and the tiger mistaking it to be its spoilage for the day in an unexpected moment and an act executed at lightning speed whisked the child and bolted into the forest creating bewilderment and chagrin to all in the bus. The whole city stood motion-less for almost many days after the incident with astonishment and awe that such a remote and more than bizzare event should ever occur.

The Bannerughatta National Park of today is quite a serene and more orderly establishment and would take Rs. 250/- to see the zoo and the safari which should be around 05 dollars. The drive through the safari better ordained and maintained. There are three enclosures in the safari each seperate from the other and well cordoned.

The first safari is about herbivores and includes many kinds of deers. This is followed by the bear safari which has about 150 bears in its fold and visitors feel joyous watching many of them play with each other. This is followed by the tiger safari. I am yet to see a considerable number of them at one go but there are a significant many. A white tiger found most of the time in slumber is a quick attraction to any onlooker from the van and note that the route through all these strictures are largely circuitous and winding in their design making it a largely irregular a ride both inviting and interesting. The third section is the Lion safari where quite a few lions can be seen most of the time.

The keepers and curators of this National Park must look for ways and means to even improve and augment the park by adding possibly many other components to the safari like elephant safari and a possible safari with rare birds.

Contact numbers of the park : 080-27828425 ; 080-27828540   International calls:  918027828425

                                               080-27828540 ; 080-27828300   ;080-25597021;080-22352828

9916699803  ;  9845275792 ;9900048192(lunch)

NON CONVENTIONAL EDUCATION AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO GROWTH OF INDIA

Underlying the secret spurt and growth of India of today is a very special phenomenon of the decade between 1990 and 2000 which has beyond any element of doubt cast a spell of transformation and growth in India and let me call it the "era of IT education". When well meaning business propositions synchronizes itself with societal needs further fuelled by a large local population what we have is a miracle .....and India has proved it so beyond doubt.

Large scale penetration of IT and its ability to touch the common man is a recent phenomenon may be about quarter of a century old and not much. Though IT lay camouflaged in the sidewalks of the Indian psyche much earlier it came into a complete frution only during the said period and with the sudden introduction of the Internet in the mid 1990's things came into a full circle.

I beleive that private institutions like NIIT , APTECH and the like have contributed a great deal to national well being and progress which further acted as a prop to the emerging Indian software development sector. These institutes took IT to the nascent and gave him a new avenue and approach in life. Young people in India of that time across the length and breadth of the country found a computer training institute of a branded nature in the vicinity giving instant access to IT education of that time. The prevaining conditions of the time made IT education accessible to all irrespective of the backgrounds from which the populace emerged.

Such approaches and philosophies can be applied as well to any areas of education in a robust way to the benefit and succour of many.

THE PARADOX OF THE LAW

Something that we must thank somewhere is the contribution of the British establishment to India is the introduction of their legal system which we follow to this day . Having attended legal lectures at the National Law School of India university (NLSIU) a keen interest in this sector has emerged in the way legal systems and jurisprudence works; that we have a largely evolved legal system in India partially used and abused augurs well for the growth and stability of our society.

However the English Legal system is not without its own set of ambiguities and would work less effectively if the law is not understood and applied properly by people responsible for the systems of the law. The English legal system derives its fundamentals from the ancient Greeks.

I somewhere quantify legal systems that emerge from two distinct domains namely crimes that are of an unilateral kind and crimes that are of a bilateral kind. This is what I mean by the paradox of the law in essence when unilateral and bilateral crimes lay embedded and not conspicuous. It is not enough to say "You are innocent until proved guilty" but must be "you are relatively innocent to a guilt." Guilt cannot be relative but innocence can be and will always be and if jurisprudence does not look at legal situations in this manner the magnitude of error can be more deviant.

I find a problem in the way law is implemented in that a police station which is the imposer of the law does not have legal support handy which means that the imposers of the law must act not in ignorance of the law and its principles but well within it and if the process does not commence at that focal point many a relatively innocent would be forced to face the unjust part of the juggernaut called law with sparing and long drawn options for relief. Not that they are not doing it --they are.... but there is a finer view of many situations that make a man explicit to a guilt as against being partially implicit and the difference between these two stations may not be too remarkable to be significant. The modern man is characterized by an environment which is highly information enlivened and the possibility of some one inadvertently or through design committing some of fence is increasingly magnified.

Let me expand on what is a Unilateral crime as against a Bilateral crime. May be law encompasses all these concepts in itself in some form or the other but does a person get imminent justice is the question of relevance. Unilateral crime is something some one commits through planning with no aberration of any kind from the victim of the crime. The question of the law is "Was there an initiation in some form however miniscule from the victim of the crime". If there isn't the perpetrator of the crime is "Innocent until proved guilty" and the perpetrator gets minimum relief from the tenets of the law and its various agencies.

The concept of relative innocence emerges when the victim of a crime has in some form committed an aberration which created the crime and dependent on the crime itself the perpetrator of the crime is entitled to the concept of relative innocence. Depending upon the nature of the of fence appropriate dealing must be done and if the offense committed is not largely invasive and pungent with some legal procedures the perpetrator can be let go. It is a crime in itself not to examine relative innocence in the execution of legal systems.

Having said so much the "Paradox of the Law " is the inability of the legal systems to upfront examine relative innocence or also could be called relative guilt depending upon the dimension from which one sees it and the challenge is to treat a bilateral crime from this view point upfront and with imminence.

UNFORGETTABLE DR P S SRINIVASAN

The sixth semester of my study at REC Calicut was something special; A great and natural teacher taught us. His name being Dr. P S Srinivasan. I learnt with dismay that he passed away in 2010. He taught us Induction Machines. I dont regret anything I did during my stay at REC but for one thing...... missing a lecture by Dr. P S Srinivasan owing to some communication error one morning in 1985 when he taught Universal Motors. This I feel is a huge loss and I be-moan this every other day. My comfort levels with Universal motors have never been good and things could have been different had I attended this lecture.

Something about his persona...being dark in complexion and rotund with a spectacle and walked with a faster pace and a sturdy composure. He rarely mixed with many but had administrative skills no doubt and I think for a larger part of his tenure occuppied a larger of the offices on the first floor of the DB and had a doctorate from Russia in hard core electrical engineering. I think there are not many such people left to teach engineering subjects today for some reason or the other and note that this person gave nearly four decades of service to REC CAlicut and was a tamilian domiciled in Kerala.

We used to have his classes at 8:00 am thrice a week and I rarely missed the classes of his. The height of his teaching according to me was deriving the mathematical expression that discloses how a space and time displaced three phase winding produced a rotating magnetic feild. He did it meticulously. The greatness of this man was his ability to simplify a complex subject like Induction Machines. People and students must thank him no end for the silent but formidable services provided to the state and students of Kerala.

It is more than quarter of a century but let me try to reproduce from memory some of the expressions of Induction machine theory;

Slip = (Sync speed - rotor speed) / sync speed

rotor power input = stator power input - (stator iron and copper loss)

Slip x rotor power input = rotor copper loss (there is a similar expression for iron loss)

Rotor power output = Rotor power Input - (rotor copper and iron losses)

May I beseech heavens that many more of such people find a place to teach students at Engineering Institutions and the system creates and engenders many such people.

KANNADA TEACHERS AT LOWRY MEMORIAL SCHOOL

There were many kannada teachers at Lowry Memorial School. I think they deserve praise and nostalgia. They were great people so to say and taught the language with distinction.

My earliest kannada teacher was Mrs. Sharath Chandra who was the wife of the head-master Mr. Sharath Candra. From her I learnt alphabets as a tiny tot in the small class room adjacent to the Auditorium. At senior classes at that time an elederly person who used to stay in the ITI colony and a Mysorean to the core by the name of Mr. Badanarayana Murthy used to engage kannada classes with distinction. He was also an expert in yogasan and a good orator. I feel in retrospect Lowry Memorial School is a great school where every teacher did a good teaching job.

In middle school Mr. Paulraj used to teach kannada and he used to stay somewhere near the tin-factory. I remember doing miserably in the kannada language and being tutored in the language by a private tutor Mr. Devabhushan who is an andhrite and had affiliation with the school. At high school Mr. K C Nagaraj from Kengeri used to teach kannada and was a scholar par excellence.

All these people need to be recalled often and remembered by any consenting student who was an unparalleled benificianry of their munifiscence and let it be publicly known how much all their students where ever they exist owe to them for teaching a language through the schooling process with distinction. Are there very many such people around today; I dont know- May be somewhere they exist and enthuse the process iof learning.

The Practice of Management by PETER F DRUCKER

The book that impressed me the most is "The Practice of Management" by Peter F Drucker. I happenned to buy this book from the book store of the Indian Institute of Science one day and have ever since been reading it every now and then and every time I lay my hands on this book and read a chapter from it the entire matter looks all anew as if I had never read it before. Peter Drucker has written many books on Management and Management theory and I must have gone through all of them except the book "Concepts of a Corporation" a copy of which I could not get inspite of making fervent searches even at the library of IIM Bangalore. Barring this book which I have not seen for myself "Practice of Management" continues to be by my observation the best treatise from Drucker and seems to be driven from first hand experience of a young Drucker. Note that this book was first published in 1954. What makes this book so special ? Even after so many decades and the world having undergone many changes far reaching in nature every other decade this book of Drucker is ever green and increasingly relevant. Azim Premji constantly seeks views from this book when in Managerial dilemma and for good reason every single person of some stature in Business must take time to read and also implement ideas contained there-in. Drucker has written about Management with a high degree of originality and observation and this is not another book on Management and to write views on Management and address Managerial problems with deep conviction puts Drucker on a totally different plateau. His words are prophetic and has lessons for every one and it is very rare that some one like this crops up and breaks the many ceilings and mental blocks that exist and tries honestly to break many a confusion around Managerial approaches and thinking.


Let me see if I can summarise almost instantly some of the tenets in the book that I can readily remember. The focus of Business is to create a customer and the objective is to avoid loss as against maximization of profit;Innovation and marketing are the two key drivers of business; Management is an organ of Business; The concept that Manager is a person in charge of another persons work is too narrow a definition and Manager integrates people into purposeful performance. Management by Objectives tells a Manager what he should be doing but it is the " spirit of the organization" that draws right work out of a person and it is the spirit that drives and makes a man perform beyond the call of duty; Economic performance is the most important yard-stick of managerial performance and non-performing manager who consistently underperforms must be removed from the present task; Any person who has provided faithful service to an organization for a considerable period of time must not be un-cermoniously removed but given another task;Life and death decisions within an organization must be reviewed at multiple levels; jobs differ from each other by the level of judgement needed; professional employee is a person who wants to become an expert in some feild or calling and must be managed differemtly and should not be directed or controlled; The chief executive's job is too complex to be performed by a single individual and it possibly needs a team working at the top each of whom who have identical powers; character as against intelligence is the most important aspect of a manager and if he lacks in integrity he ruins people and performance; and in family run companies there must be an iron clad rule not to appoint family members to key jobs of responsibility without proper testing because it is a vicious practice.

True Drucker was talking of an era where there were large-scale organizations so to speak and the world was not globalized as it is today; Many of the issues outlined by him are relevant but business organizations of modern times have morphed itself into a totally different format and conventional manufacturing through use of technologies and its growth and market pressures will be much localised and characterized by fewer people than before. Manufacturing will move into hubs where markets readily exist and will move away from there if markets were to shift is the emerging order of the day; Also if I can legally buy and assemble products manufacturing from scratch would be bygone. Such changes are defanitely emerging and what we see is only the beginning of that churn. Contrast this with centralized manufacturing of yester years where large scale manufacturng existed at one place and products shipped to markets.

The greatness of Drucker lies in his uncanny ability to put on paper what he thought is right and also to diagonize ills of Managerial practices and any one who willfully ignores them on having gone through them is either a mis fit to management or shoud be banned from business and its constituents in some form ; Drucker to me has rightly dissected the ills and perils of a business fundamentally as a intramural and an extramural social organization. This is of paramount importance and significance contrasting it with the more banal approach of business of creating or induction of profit. Any organization that consistently sways itself away from his observations which are by and large wholesome is destines to some form of doom. Nevertheless business and its components of changed like the (growth of Human Resources Development today) and we have in a crucible various success and failure stories and their repercussions to learn from.

I assume upon myself the temerity for a while to possibly make some some kind of re-understanding of what Drucker has written in relation to modern concept and would like to start from what Drucker calls the " Spirit of an Organization". Here Drucker is very special because he had the conviction to coin a phrase which has both profundity and scope. I would say that in modern times the "Spirit of an Organization" must become " The conciousness of an Organization". Conciousness transcends spirit and encapsulates the entire organization and can be collectively created and can result in some measure in the conversion of the wrong spirited to the right spirited. It is the conciousness of the organization that drives people in the right direction and has the innate ability to make the ordinary do the extraordinary and the extraordinary not only help the ordinary but also deal rightly with him. It is the conciousness that creates collective spirit; It is through conciousness that organization become long-lasting ; It is the conciousness that is long pervading and improves the character of organizations; It is conciousness that creates an Organizational Brand and it is conciousness that improves Productivity and the absence of which makes work a daily monotony and labour continues to be fruitless to the psyche and labor continues to be labor with no organizational and integrated vision. Any organization lacking in it will find survival and operating in the market difficult and routine and without neads renewal and transformation.

Consciousness of an organization must be all pervading and strategic force that effortlessly produces organizational performance; Consciousness must integrate people ; Consciousness must create a moral force where the people of the organization experience intrinsic leadership; consciousness must exhort the collective within the organization to perform and willingly so beyond the call of duty; consciousness must create a sense of respect among the people within the organization and a sense of team work. Consciousness must be futuristic and enjoin the human force of the organization to see and create a renewed and progressive future. It is through the right consciousness that organizations exist; thrive and re-invent itself from time to time. It is the right consciousness that prevents people from acting in bad faith with one another or towards the organization and makes people work for an organization with involvement with optimum pay; It is consciousness that removes short-term and long-term fears and it is consciousness that creates intrinsic leadership and an environment where leaders begin their initiation creation and credibility.

Having written so much about the "Consciousness of an Organization" as against its spirit let me go to what Drucker has written as the two most important aspects of an organization which also Drucker calls drivers; They are namely Marketing and Innovation. Marketing somewhere according to Drucker is the creation of a customer and making products for his needs. Here again Drucker has the ability to crystallize some fundamentals of Business. This is what the Japanese probably did ....... constant innovation. We are in an era where Marketing is incidental and Innovation a constant activity and the question is in what way they contribute to the bottomline. Her I feel the need to add Operations. If I have the wherewithal by any sort to possibly reframe what Drucker wrote I would defanitely say that Operations and Marketing in that order are drivers of modern organizations in the internet era and innovation runs through both of them and this is what is possibly what the modern man calls "Supply Chain Management"; By running Operations especially well organizations can look forward to many kinds of advantages and premium in the modern world. Just for a moment why i the original approach of Drucker needs to be reframed- the answer to that is simple- In the modern day Internet does the speaking what Marketing used to do before. This has created a quantum leap in the need for faster operations and difficulty faced in Operations. Innovation becomes essential on both these fronts in an aggressive manner if at all corporations have to keep pace with their growth and demands. What a pronounced and large scale deviation from the world of the yester years.

Drucker has rightly pointed out somewhere where he calls "fallacy of the one man chief executive" and rightly said that the chief executive's job is too complex for one man to handle and he like any other individual has only 24 hours in a day. Here he proposes the concept of many people or few people working in tandem and taking over the complex role of a chief executive. This has been tried by some corporations with limited success with some of them reverting to the old mode. The concept of joint ceo's seem to be apt for the family run organization and may work well and could be a less propitious one for any other kind of organization until or unless the very system in which the organization runs is fine tuned from the grass-root level for a joint CEO kind of disposition. This is not some thing any corporation can instill overnight and see results at the same time. What is the problem with the single man ceo of today? The problem can be seen in the way his job is seen and the manner in which he is selected. The fundamental question that any organization has to answer is that - Is the CEO's job a staff position or a line position. In the staff function he works more like a administrator and Manager and if it is a line function he works like any line manager who burn extra energy to get things done, The tragedy and paradox of modern society is that it ruins well performing line managers who were otherwise very successful and comfortable in their earlier roles by making them one day the CEO to the detriment of all stake holders only to be may-be tolerated and removed there upon. Modern society understands work and getting results but does not understand management and its role , behavior and dynamics leading to Organizational crisis.

What then is the solution ? Dividing the job among a few people does not seem viable but defanitely the solution some where is how the ceo is selected and if an ongoing mechanism exists in building the managerial and administrative machinery of the future. For one some where the job of a ceo is not to be treated as a line function and on the contrary must be a totally staff function and his job largely delegated to tested people down the line who work as a combination of line and staff managers. If at all an organizational hierarchy exists an organization will morph as we come down the hierarchy from a total staff role to a totally line role and the worker handling a specific work on the shop floor has a line job meaning that he complete the results he is supposed to within the time frame. As we come down from a ceo to the ordinary worker work becomes increasingly less logically complex and more time bound.

The tragedy if you may call with modern day CEO is his view of his job and its execution as a line function and such a person is selected to the job simply because he has built a good track record as a so called performer only suddenly realizing on the ceo function that he is limited in skills and schema to handle the ceo function.

Another key contribution of concepts of Drucker to managerial thinking is the concept of "MBO" which drucker calls "Management by Objectives"; The many decades of the past were spent by business in a largescale mis-understanding and mis-application of this concept to the peril of many. Many people were removed from organizations as a result- some decisions might have been correct but many vastly erroneous. Management somewhere is a combination of multiple factors that have to be effectively synchronized. Was MBO wrong? May not be , but its improper application is. I have myself seen the improper application of MBO in the field of selling where a large city is demarkated into territories and sales men given exorbitant targets with improper tools and analysis only to be removed later for the non-accomplishment of the goals only to lose the man who then goes into another organization where-in he is found to make a better or improved contribution in some new role or dimension. I have seen people who achieve targets using malicious methods and there are very many who adopt such tactics; May be these practices are not totally taboo to business. But still there is something grossly erroneous which needs correction in some kind or form. I have only one significant question to ask Business? How long do you want to be in Business? Many strategies emanate from an answer to this question which must be largely unequivocal. If you want to last a generation then MBO may not be the right choice. What then is the right choice ? A basic unwavering respect for people and the ability to put people on tasks and periodic assignments where-from they can make profound contributions to an organization. Such an approach creates the kind of stability needed for right kind of progress and market dominance. MBO which was apt in the 50's where industry was fledgling and a positive concept has today become negative which needs review and appraisal. Should we do away with targets ? Do away with excessive targets or improper targets and have an fairly reasonable way arrive at a target to be achieved. Excessive targets can be damaging even for the most proficient and MBO was not designed to set a route towards a wrong practice.